I learned about four inventions this week. The inventions were the pencil, the stethoscope, the tunneling shield, and paved roads. First, I learned about the pencil. Pencils are graphite rods encased in wood and make durable markings. They are cheap to make and use and also offer benefits to artists. The American pencil was invented by Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau worked at his father’s factory and wrote a famous book saying he hated inventions.He wrote the book Walden; Life in the woods.

Second, I learned about the stethoscope. Rehe Laennec was born in 1781 and he invented the stethoscope. It’s a device that lets us listen to sounds inside our body and the chest piece captures sound waves. The sound waves travel through air tubes into our eardrums and electronics enhance the stethoscope’s features. The stethoscope was a turning point in medicine and created many medical terms still in use today. 

Third, I learned about the tunneling shield. Marc Isambard Brunel was born in France in 1769 and invented the tunneling shield. The tunneling shield protects men digging tunnels and it also contains compartments for workers. Tunneling was an important achievement when completed and tunneling designs were improved. Because of these achievements, Isambard was regarded as a great engineer.  

Finally, I learned about paved roads. Before paved roads the Romans built the best, meanwhile it had drainage problems. Paved roads were invented by John McAdam who was born in Scotland in 1756. McAdam experimented with new roads to try and solve the problem. His paved roads solved the drainage problem and were more durable. Paved roads are made up of ground covered with flat rocks or concrete that have been paved.

I learned about three inventions and one inventor this week. The inventions were vapor compression, percussion ignition, and the canning process. The inventor’s name was Oliver Evans. First, I learned about vapor compression. William Cullen experimented with refrigeration in 1755.  Ben Franklin investigated vapor cooling in 1758. Evaporation absorbs heat and cools the environment, while condensing releases heat and warms the environment. Second, I learned about Oliver Evans. Oliver Evans was born in Delaware in 1755. He did some of the first work with high pressure steam engines in America. He invented over 80 inventions in his lifetime. John Forsyth born in Scotland in 1769 invented the percussion ignition. Percussion ignition relies on vibration that is channeled into a barrel. The percussion ignition system led to modern bullet design which led to the iconic wild west. Finally, I learned about the canning process. Nicolas Appert, was a chef born in 1749 and is credited with inventing the canning process. The canning process uses temperature under pressure. Canning preserves nutritional value of food over time because the heat destroys any bad bugs that may spoil the food. Canned food is important during recessions and canned goods are a portion of modern diets. 

My favorite invention I learned about this week was the canning process. One reason I like the canning process is because I can make my own pickles if I learn a lot about it and I really like pickles. Another reason I like the canning process is because the food can last for a long time and I like food. The last reason I like the canning process is because you can put a lot of delicious food in them such as fruits, jams, salsas, and more different foods. Those are the reasons the canning process is my favorite invention this week.

I learned about three inventions this week. They are the suspension bridges, the fire hydrant, and the locomotive. First, I learned about suspension bridges. Irish immigrant, James Finley, was born in 1756 and invented the suspension bridges. His bridge spanned 70 feet. They carry cars over long distances to other countries, cities, or towns. It provided an economical solution to the problem of long spans over navigable streams or at other sites where it is difficult to find piers in the stream. Suspension bridges are very strong and durable and the cables that support the bridge deck can be very thick. Second, I learned about fire hydrants. Frederick Graff was born in 1775 and invented the fire hydrant. Fire hydrants allow firefighters to access water quickly. Fire hydrants have hundreds of lives and firefighters save billions of money. Last, I learned about locomotives. Richard Trevithick was born in 1771 in England and invented the steam locomotive. Locomotives haul passenger trains, freight trains, and for switching UK English shutting. The locomotive revolutionized commercial transport with a durable, faster, cheaper way to move goods.  

My most favorite invention I learned this week was the suspension bridge. My first reason I like it is because it helps cars get over huge bodies of water. My second reason is because the view on the bridges is amazing. I like looking down at the water. The last reason that it is my favorite invention this week is because they look cool and they suspend upward. Those are all the reasons why suspension bridges are my favorite invention this week.

I learned about two inventions this week, the jacquard loom and morphine. I also reviewed inventions and worldview, as well as inventions and patterns. First, I learned about morphine. Morphine comes from purifying opium. It replaced opium during the Civil War. Second, I learned about the jacquard loom. It automatically produces complex woven patterns. Jacquard’s punch card spread to other industries. Third, I learned about inventions and worldview. The compass had different effects in different cultures and their worldview commands usage. Worldview has five parts: God, Man, Ethics, Judgment, Time. Last, I learned about inventions and patterns. John Napier developed a critical mental image and Jose Phriestley investigated beer vats. Edward Jenner noticed that milkmaids don’t get smallpox. 

I learned about four inventions this week and they are the smallpox vaccine, the voltaic pile, the arc light, and Dalton’s Theory. First, I learned about the smallpox vaccine. Vaccine is a cure for disease and comes from cowpox virus. Jenner conducted numerous trials to convince the royal society. Second, I learned about the voltaic pile. The voltaic pile was the first electric battery. Batteries have a (+) and (–) terminals and electrons flow from (–) to (+). Third, I learned about arc light. The arc light is a lamp that produces a bright light generating an electric arc around two electrodes. The arc light replaced gas lighting and increased competition. Last, I learned about Dalton’s Theory. His first theory was that all matter is made of atoms. The second theory was that atoms with the same element are the same. His third theory was that compounds are combinations. Dalton’s theory has been changed over time. 

I learned about three inventions and one inventor. The inventions are the semaphore telegraph, the cotton gin, and the hydraulic press. The inventor’s name is Eli Whitney. First, I learned about the semaphore telegraph. The semaphore telegraph relayed messages and were coded into symbols. The idea was transformed into an electric telegraph. Second, I learned about the cotton gin. The cotton gin separates seeds from the cotton. Cotton prices dropped and it ensured the civil war. Third, I learned about Eli Whitney. He was born in 1765 in Massachusetts. Whitney invented many things such as the cotton gin. He popularized interchangeable parts in 1798. Last, I learned about  the hydraulic press. It’s used to crush things. The press helped turn soybeans into a major American food crop.