My family and I use simple machines every day. One simple machine that is used in my house is the screw. We use the screw in our house to build bookshelves, tables, and beds. We also use screws to mount shelves and paintings on walls. Some toys have screws to build toys and hold batteries in place. Another simple machine that we use is the wheel and axle. The wheel and axle are two parts that rotate together in which a force is transferred from one to another. My parents drive two cars. My siblings and I like to ride scooters. We have a wagon and strollers for my baby sister. The last simple machine we use in our house is the pulley. We use it to pull up and down the blinds and curtains.

The Christian monks were able to restore civilization after the Roman Empire collapsed. The monks helped save Europe’s agriculture. The monks drained swamps and turned disease into fertile land. The monks cleared away forests, conserved forest areas, and planted new trees. They cultivated land by growing crops, such as fruit. They created new production methods and industries for agriculture. They raised bees and they also reared cattle and horses. They worked to improve breeds of cattle. The monks brewed beer and made wine. The monks also contributed to the use of technology. The monks used waterpower for grinding wheat, sieving flour, fulling cloth, and tanning. They were skilled in mining salt, lead, iron, alum, gypsum, and metallurgy. The monks ran cutler’s shops and glassworks. They used many inventions. One invention they used is the cam to brew beer. They tripped the cam’s hammer to crush the ingredients for the beer. They also built and used furnaces to heat metal, like iron. They produce a large amount of cast iron.

The first invention I learned were the gears. Gears are critical for making modern machines and without gears there would be no real clocks, cars, and washing machines. Gears are rotating devices with teeth on each edge and are important in transmitting power. The next invention I learned is the crank and connecting rod.The crank and connecting rod was discovered, mastered then lost for thousands years or so. The crank and connecting rod became the building blocks to more important inventions and allowed for large scale production facilities. The last invention I learned about is the cam. The Christian monks used the cam to make beer in the 800s AD and beyond. The cam’s basic function is a shaft with a tooth attached. A cam is a labor- saving device. My favorite invention is the gears. Why I like them is because all the stuff we have now is like clocks we didn’t have a long time ago.

One machine that helps impact architecture would be the crane. The Greeks invented the crane in around 500 B.C. Before cranes, they used ramps which limited materials that men could carry. Cranes were invented to help with lifting heavy materials to high places, such as bricks, blocks, and wood. The crane uses two elements: a pulley and a winch. The major benefits of a crane are scale, form, and speed of architecture. The crane lowers the cost of using ramp systems. The use of a crane spread rapidly. Today, cranes are used to build skyscrapers in large cities. This type structure helps support high populations in the city by building architecture upward. Cranes can lift heavy steel to build more buildings. The architecture is much stronger and taller.

New military inventions shaped the outcome of war in many ways. One way would be how warships have changed fighting in the sea. A submarine is a good example of this. There are different submarines for different missions and come in different shapes and sizes. They are propelled by electric motors and batteries. This helps because they have less people to rely on and go much faster in the water. They use sonar and radar to find enemy submarines and any other target they need to find. Submarines travel deep in the water and many types of submarines carry missiles, torpedoes, and other weapons. They don’t have to be on land or on the surface of the sea to battle. They are able to shoot missiles and torpedoes underwater from far distances.

There are two views of time: linear and cyclical. Linear has a beginning, middle, and end. Cyclical view involves a cycle of chaos, growth, order, and decline. They don’t view time as having a beginning or an end. These people would be more pessimistic and have less hope in the future.They are less likely to have long-term improvement in their lives. Because of these reasons, cyclical people would have lower capital compared to those who have a linear view of time and will have a higher capital. People with linear views of time are more hopeful and are willing to work harder for a better future. Cyclical people think the present time will be as good as it will get and lose creativity, which will affect their ability to increase their capital.