I learned about four inventions this week and they were the microphone, the typewriter, the Braille reading system, and the sewing machine. First, I learned about the microphone. Theater plays went back all the way to ancient Greece, but there was one problem, it was hard to hear their voices from a distance. The inventor of the microphone was Charles Wheatstone who was born in England in 1802.  He built his own battery for experimentation and learned that sound is caused by vibrating pressure waves. A microphone is a device that converts sound into electricity. It has a diaphragm attached to the coil and sound waves cause the diaphragm to move the coil. A diaphragm is a dome shaped part separating the thorax from the abdomen. Wheatstone’s efforts led to the modern microphone. 

Second, I learned about the typewriter. The inventor of the typewriter was William Austin Burt. He was born in Massachusetts in 1792 and became fascinated with sailing. He developed studies in science to help people and invented astronomical instruments. Typewriters impact neat writing into paper and people can type faster than they can write. Burt’s typewriter wasn’t successful in his lifetime but in 1850 it became very successful.

Third, I learned about the braille reading system. As a child, Louis Braille, born in France in 1809, damaged his eye when playing in his fathers leather shop, causing an infection to spread to the other eye. Braille’s reading system allows blind people to read at standard speeds and improved reading speed. The Braille reading system was inspired by Charles Barbier’s secret military communication system. The Braille reading system contains 6 raised dots in different patterns. Braille published books on his new reading system. Braille helps blind people escape poverty and let blind people read 200 words per minute.

Finally, I learned about the sewing machine. The inventor of the sewing machine was Barthelemy Thimonnier who was born in France in 1793. He opened a factory to produce military uniforms for the military and his factory survived almost 200 years. Sewing machines stitch fabric together mechanically and form a very strong connection. Sewing machines spread throughout France. By 1844, John Fisher improved the model. Clothing manufacturers bought them and clothing making moved from home to factories.  

I learned about four inventions this week. The inventions were Portland cement, electromagnets, the passenger rail, and matches. First, I learned about Portland cement. Cement is an ingredient in concrete and the Romans used a large amount. After Rome concrete fell out of use. The inventor of Portland cement, Joseph Aspdin, was born in England in 1778 and experimented with cement formulas. Portland cement is cement made of limestone, chalk, shells, or clay, which makes it the best cement. It became the most popular cement in London and others began figuring out Joseph’s formula. 

Second, I learned about Electromagnets. The inventor of electromagnets was Hans Christian Oersted. He was born in 1777 and became a professor in 1806. In 1820, he noticed something peculiar in a lecture. He determined magnetic field production by electric current. Magnetic field production is whenever an electrical charge is in motion. Electromagnets are magnets made by winding a wire around an iron core. If we didn’t have electromagnets we wouldn’t have speakers.

Third, I learned about passenger rails. Trains evolved from mining transport systems and mining was boosted by steam engines. The inventor of the passenger rail was George Stephenson who was born in Britain in 1781 and became an expert in steam engines. He built passenger cars that are pulled by locomotives. One purpose of passenger rails is to take passengers where they need to go quickly. Stephenson continued developing the industry and the railway became a successful investment. By 1830, Stephenson built a major railway and he added the new fire tube boiler.

Finally, I learned about matches. The Chinese alchemists came up with the early match. The inventor of the modern match was John Walker. He was born in 1781 and became a pharmacist and understood the weakness of chemical matches. Match head contains chemical igniters which will ignite if combined with phosphorus on a striking pad. Others have improved the match after Walker. The match made making fire quickly and easier for campfires and grilling.

I learned about four inventions this week. The inventions were the pencil, the stethoscope, the tunneling shield, and paved roads. First, I learned about the pencil. Pencils are graphite rods encased in wood and make durable markings. They are cheap to make and use and also offer benefits to artists. The American pencil was invented by Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau worked at his father’s factory and wrote a famous book saying he hated inventions.He wrote the book Walden; Life in the woods.

Second, I learned about the stethoscope. Rehe Laennec was born in 1781 and he invented the stethoscope. It’s a device that lets us listen to sounds inside our body and the chest piece captures sound waves. The sound waves travel through air tubes into our eardrums and electronics enhance the stethoscope’s features. The stethoscope was a turning point in medicine and created many medical terms still in use today. 

Third, I learned about the tunneling shield. Marc Isambard Brunel was born in France in 1769 and invented the tunneling shield. The tunneling shield protects men digging tunnels and it also contains compartments for workers. Tunneling was an important achievement when completed and tunneling designs were improved. Because of these achievements, Isambard was regarded as a great engineer.  

Finally, I learned about paved roads. Before paved roads the Romans built the best, meanwhile it had drainage problems. Paved roads were invented by John McAdam who was born in Scotland in 1756. McAdam experimented with new roads to try and solve the problem. His paved roads solved the drainage problem and were more durable. Paved roads are made up of ground covered with flat rocks or concrete that have been paved.

I learned about three inventions and one inventor this week. The inventions were vapor compression, percussion ignition, and the canning process. The inventor’s name was Oliver Evans. First, I learned about vapor compression. William Cullen experimented with refrigeration in 1755.  Ben Franklin investigated vapor cooling in 1758. Evaporation absorbs heat and cools the environment, while condensing releases heat and warms the environment. Second, I learned about Oliver Evans. Oliver Evans was born in Delaware in 1755. He did some of the first work with high pressure steam engines in America. He invented over 80 inventions in his lifetime. John Forsyth born in Scotland in 1769 invented the percussion ignition. Percussion ignition relies on vibration that is channeled into a barrel. The percussion ignition system led to modern bullet design which led to the iconic wild west. Finally, I learned about the canning process. Nicolas Appert, was a chef born in 1749 and is credited with inventing the canning process. The canning process uses temperature under pressure. Canning preserves nutritional value of food over time because the heat destroys any bad bugs that may spoil the food. Canned food is important during recessions and canned goods are a portion of modern diets. 

My favorite invention I learned about this week was the canning process. One reason I like the canning process is because I can make my own pickles if I learn a lot about it and I really like pickles. Another reason I like the canning process is because the food can last for a long time and I like food. The last reason I like the canning process is because you can put a lot of delicious food in them such as fruits, jams, salsas, and more different foods. Those are the reasons the canning process is my favorite invention this week.

I learned about three inventions this week. They are the suspension bridges, the fire hydrant, and the locomotive. First, I learned about suspension bridges. Irish immigrant, James Finley, was born in 1756 and invented the suspension bridges. His bridge spanned 70 feet. They carry cars over long distances to other countries, cities, or towns. It provided an economical solution to the problem of long spans over navigable streams or at other sites where it is difficult to find piers in the stream. Suspension bridges are very strong and durable and the cables that support the bridge deck can be very thick. Second, I learned about fire hydrants. Frederick Graff was born in 1775 and invented the fire hydrant. Fire hydrants allow firefighters to access water quickly. Fire hydrants have hundreds of lives and firefighters save billions of money. Last, I learned about locomotives. Richard Trevithick was born in 1771 in England and invented the steam locomotive. Locomotives haul passenger trains, freight trains, and for switching UK English shutting. The locomotive revolutionized commercial transport with a durable, faster, cheaper way to move goods.  

My most favorite invention I learned this week was the suspension bridge. My first reason I like it is because it helps cars get over huge bodies of water. My second reason is because the view on the bridges is amazing. I like looking down at the water. The last reason that it is my favorite invention this week is because they look cool and they suspend upward. Those are all the reasons why suspension bridges are my favorite invention this week.