The Roman Military

The Roman military was organized in a way that made it very strong and efficient. At the core were legions, which were large groups of soldiers, usually about 5,000 men. Each legion was divided into smaller groups called cohorts, and each cohort had 480 soldiers. The soldiers in the Roman army were divided into centuries, which had about 80 soldiers led by a centurion. Each century worked together to fight and follow orders. The Roman soldiers were called legionaries, and they had to be trained and ready for battle. The Roman army was known for its strict discipline and teamwork.

In addition to the legions, there were auxiliaries, which were non-Roman soldiers from other parts of the empire. They helped support the legions and brought different skills, such as archery or cavalry. The Roman army had officers who led the soldiers, including the legate, who was in charge of a whole legion, and tribunes, who were high-ranking officers that helped with command and organization. The Roman military also used special units, such as cavalry, which are soldiers on horseback. Another special unit were the engineers who built roads, forts, and siege equipment. This organization allowed the Roman army to be very flexible, powerful, and successful in conquering and controlling many lands. Their ability to work together and follow orders made them a force that lasted for hundreds of years.

Story Of Queen Esther

Queen Esther was a young Jewish woman living in Persia during the reign of King Xerxes. When Queen Vashti refused to obey the king’s command to appear before him, she was removed from her position, and a search began to find a new queen. Esther, who was raised by her cousin Mordecai, was chosen for her beauty and became the new queen while keeping her Jewish identity a secret. Meanwhile, Haman, the king’s advisor, grew angry when Mordecai refused to bow to him, and in his fury, he convinced the king to issue a decree to destroy all the Jews in the kingdom. Mordecai urged Esther to speak to the king, even though approaching him without being summoned could result in her death. Esther courageously decided to risk her life to save her people. She invited the king and Haman to a banquet, where she revealed her Jewish heritage and pleaded for her people’s lives. The king, shocked by the plot, ordered Haman to be punished and reversed the decree. The Jews were spared, and Esther’s bravery was celebrated, leading to the establishment of the holiday of Purim, which remembers her courage and the salvation of the Jewish people.

Life Of Nehemiah

Nehemiah was a Jewish man who served as a cupbearer to King Artaxerxes of Persia in the 5th century BCE. Living in Babylon, he had a position of great trust and responsibility, but when he heard about the ruined state of Jerusalem, the city of his ancestors, he was deeply distressed. Nehemiah learned that the walls of Jerusalem had been destroyed and its gates burned, leaving the city vulnerable to attacks. His heart broke for his people, and he prayed earnestly to God, asking for help in rebuilding Jerusalem. Moved by his sorrow, King Artaxerxes noticed Nehemiah’s sadness and asked what was troubling him. After praying for guidance, Nehemiah boldly requested the king’s permission to return to Jerusalem and help restore the city. The king agreed and even provided letters for safe passage and supplies to help with the reconstruction. Upon arriving in Jerusalem, Nehemiah surveyed the damaged walls at night and then gathered the Jewish leaders and people to begin rebuilding. Despite facing opposition from neighboring enemies, including Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem, who mocked and tried to stop the work, Nehemiah remained determined. He encouraged the people to keep working and trust in God’s protection. Through his leadership, the walls of Jerusalem were rebuilt in just 52 days, a remarkable achievement that showed both the dedication of the people and the power of God’s help. After the wall was completed, Nehemiah focused on restoring the community’s spiritual life. He led the people in reading and understanding the Scriptures, renewing their covenant with God, and addressing social injustices. Nehemiah’s story is a powerful example of leadership, faith, and perseverance. His dedication to God and his people, along with his commitment to rebuilding Jerusalem, made him a key figure in the Jewish return from exile and a symbol of hope and resilience.

Three Greek Historical Figures 

I learned about three Greek historical figures, one being a philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.First I learned about Socrates. Socrates is famous for his method of questioning, known as the Socratic Method, where he asked people simple yet deep questions to help them think more carefully about their beliefs and actions. He didn’t write down any of his ideas, so most of what we know about him comes from his students, especially Plato. Socrates believed that true wisdom came from understanding how little we know, and he encouraged people to constantly question and seek knowledge. Unfortunately, his ideas upset many people in Athens, and he was put on trial for corrupting the youth. He was sentenced to death, and he accepted his punishment rather than flee, believing in the importance of following the law.

Second, I learned about Pythagoras. Pythagoras, a Greek mathematician and philosopher who lived around 2,500 years ago. He is best known for the Pythagorean Theorem, which explains the relationship between the sides of a right triangle. According to the theorem, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Pythagoras believed that numbers were the key to understanding the world and even saw them as the foundation of the universe. He founded a religious and philosophical community that studied mathematics, music, and astronomy, and his teachings influenced later thinkers. Pythagoras believed that everything in life could be explained through numbers and harmony, and his ideas about math and the universe still influence us today.

Finally I learned about Aristotle. Aristotle, one of the most famous figures in ancient Greek history. Aristotle was a student of Plato and a teacher to Alexander the Great. He made many important contributions to science, philosophy, and logic. Aristotle studied animals, plants, and the natural world, and he is considered one of the first to develop a system for classifying living things. He observed how animals and plants grow, change, and interact with each other, laying the groundwork for biology. Aristotle also made important contributions to logic, creating rules for reasoning that are still used in modern science. His work covered many areas, from the stars and planets to the behavior of people, and his ideas shaped much of Western thought for centuries.